Computer Programming Languages

| ComputerScience.org Staff

Computer Programming Languages

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What are Computer Programming Languages?

Figurer programming languages let us to give instructions to a computer in a language the computer understands. Just every bit many human-based languages be, there are an array of figurer programming languages that programmers can utilise to communicate with a computer. The portion of the language that a computer tin understand is chosen a "binary." Translating programming language into binary is known every bit "compiling." Each language, from C Language to Python, has its own distinct features, though many times there are commonalities between programming languages.

These languages allow computers to quickly and efficiently process big and complex swaths of information. For example, if a person is given a list of randomized numbers ranging from one to 10 g and is asked to place them in ascending order, chances are that it will take a sizable amount of time and include some errors.

There are dozens of programming languages used in the industry today. We've compiled overviews of the 12 virtually important, relevant and in-demand of these languages below.

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Python

Python is an advanced programming linguistic communication that is interpreted, object-oriented and built on flexible and robust semantics.

Who uses it?

Professions and Industries:

Python developers, software engineers, dorsum end developers, Python programmers

Used by employers in information technology, engineering science, professional services and design

Major Organizations:
Google, Pinterest, Instagram, YouTube, DropBox, NASA, ESRI
Specializations and Industries:
Web and Internet development (frameworks, micro-frameworks and advanced content management systems); scientific and numeric computing; desktop graphical user interfaces (GUIs)

What makes learning information technology important?

Python lets you work rapidly to integrate systems equally a scripting or glue language. It's also suited for Rapid Application Develop (RAD).

  • The game Civilization 4 has all its inner logic, including AI, implemented in Python.
  • NASA uses Python in its Integrated Planning Organisation as a standard scripting language.
  • Features:
    • Simple to learn and easily read
    • Associated web frameworks for developing web-based applications
    • Gratuitous interpreter and standard library available in source or binary on major platforms

Where did it start?

Python was adult in the tardily 1980s at CWI in kingdom of the netherlands and commencement released to the public in 1991.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • Python customs
  • Devshed Network (Python Programming Forum)

Java

Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented, high-level programming language with several features that make it platonic for spider web-based development.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • Software engineers, Coffee developers
    • Used by employers in communications, education, finance, health sciences, hospitality, retail and utilities
  • Major Organizations: V2COM, Eclipse Information Technologies, eBay, Eurotech
  • Specializations and Industries: Internet of Things (IoT), Enterprise Compages, Cloud Computing

What makes learning it of import?

Java is used to develop enterprise-level applications for video games and mobile apps, besides equally to create spider web-based applications with JSP (Java Server Pages). When used online, Coffee allows applets to be downloaded and used through a browser, which tin so perform a function not ordinarily available.

  • Programs that use or are written in Java include Adobe Creative Suite, Eclipse, Lotus Notes, Minecraft and OpenOffice.
  • Java is the core foundation for developing Android apps.
  • Features:
    • Application portability
    • Robust and interpreted language
    • Extensive network library

Where did it showtime?

Originally known equally Oak, Java was developed in 1990 at Sunday Microsystems to add capabilities to the C++ language. Coffee was developed co-ordinate to the principle of WORA (Write Once Run Anywhere). The language was introduced to the public in 1995 and is now endemic by Oracle.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • Coffee Customs Space Forum

Ruby/Red on Rails

Ruby is an open-sourced, object-oriented scripting language that can exist used independently or equally part of the Ruby on Rails web framework.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • Ruby on Rail developers, software engineers, data science engineers
    • Used past employers in engineering science, engineering science, professional person services, design, scientific discipline and quality control
  • Major Organizations: Github, Scribd, Groupon, NASA Langley Research Center, Blue Sequence (part of Toyota Motor Manufacturing), Motorola, Google (SketchUp)
  • Specializations and Industries: Web App Development, Robotics, Networking, Organisation Administration and Security

What makes learning information technology important?

Cerise is used for simulations, 3D modeling, and to manage and runway information.

  • Basecamp, Amazon, Twitter and Groupon were all created using Ruby on Rails.
  • NASA uses Reddish to conduct simulations.
  • Features:
    • Costless to utilise, copy, change and distribute
    • Intuitive and flexible linguistic communication
    • Completely object-oriented (ability to use method chaining)

Where did it starting time?

Designed in 1995, Cerise's creator described it every bit "simple in appearance, merely it is very complex inside, just like our human body."

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • Cerise User Groups
  • Cherry Forum

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HTML is the standard markup language used to create spider web pages; it ensures proper formatting of text and images (using tags) so that Net browsers can brandish them in the ways they were intended to wait.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • Web developers, technical editors, email designers, software engineers
    • Used by employers in It, Engineering, Design, Professional Services, Management, Marketing, Client Services and Sales
  • Major Organizations: Apple, CyberCoders, Noon Systems, CareerBuilder
  • Specializations and Industries Where HTML is Used Well-nigh: Spider web Evolution, Electronic mail Programming

What makes learning it important?

HTML is used to create electronic documents (pages) displayed online. Visit any page and you will see an instance of HTML in activeness.

  • The diversity and complexity in the structure and appearance of today's sites is made possible with HTML.
  • Features:
    • Easy to use and learn the nuts of HTML
    • Free and attainable
    • Multiple versions available

Where did it offset?

HTML was created by physicist Tim Berners-Lee in 1990 to allow scientists to share documents online. Earlier then, all communication was sent using patently text. HTML made "rich" text possible (i.east. text formatting and visual images).

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • HTMLforum.com

JavaScript

JavaScript is a client-side programming language that runs within a customer browser and processes commands on a reckoner rather than a server. It is unremarkably placed into an HTML or ASP file. Despite its name, JavaScript is not related to Java.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • JavaScript developers, Web developers, software engineers
    • Used by employers in Data Technology, Engineering, Design, Marketing, Finance and Healthcare
  • Major Organizations: WordPress, Soundcloud, Khan University, Linkedin, Groupon, Yahoo and many others
  • Specializations and Industries Where JavaScript is Used Most: Forepart Cease Website Development, Gaming Development

What makes learning it important?

JavaScript is used primarily in Web development to manipulate various page elements and make them more dynamic, including scrolling abilities, press the fourth dimension and date, creating a calendar and other tasks non possible through patently HTML. It tin also be used to create games and APIs.

  • The bureau Cyber-Duck in Britain uses public APIs, created with JavaScript, to pull in data near crime and enables users to review a local area.
  • Tweetmap, created by Pete Smart and Rob Hawkes using JavaScript, represents a world map that is proportionally sized according to the number of tweets.
  • Features:
    • Basic features are easy to learn
    • Multiple frameworks
    • Users can reference JQuery, a comprehensive Javascript library

Where did it beginning?

JavaScript was designed by Netscape and originally known as LiveScript, before becoming JavaScript in 1995.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • Javascript on Reddit
  • CodingForums.com

C Language

C Language is a structure-oriented, centre-level programming language mostly used to develop low-level applications.

Who uses information technology?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • Software developers, estimator engineers, business and systems analysts, IT and Web content administrators, embedded software engineers
    • Used by employers in Information Technology, Engineering, Management, Healthcare and Professional Services
  • Major Organizations: Microsoft, Apple, Oracle, Cisco, Raytheon
  • Specializations and Industries Where C Linguistic communication is Used Most: Embedded Systems, Systems Programming, Bogus Intelligence, Industrial Automation, Estimator Graphics, Infinite Research, Epitome Processing and Game Programming

What makes learning it important?

C Language is used to develop systems applications that are integrated into operating systems such every bit Windows, UNIX and Linux, as well as embedded softwares. Applications include graphics packages, word processors, spreadsheets, operating arrangement development, database systems, compilers and assemblers, network drivers and interpreters.

  • Facebook'southward TAO systems is programmed mostly using C language.
  • Nigh device drivers are still developed using C Language.
  • Features:
    • Elementary to learn; in that location are only 32 keywords to main
    • Easy to write systems programs such equally compilers and interpreters
    • Foundational linguistic communication for beginners

Where did it start?

The C Language was developed in 1972 at Bong Labs specifically for implementing the UNIX arrangement. It eventually gave rise to many advanced programming languages, including C++, Java C#, JavaScript and Pearl.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • Cprogramming.com
  • Go4Expert

C++

C++ is a general purpose, object-oriented, heart-level programming language and is an extension of C language, which makes information technology possible to code C++ in a "C style". In some situations, coding can be washed in either format, making C++ an example of a hybrid language.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • C++ software engineers, C++ software developers, embedded engineers, programmer analysts
    • Used by employers in It, Engineering, Professional person Services, Design, Quality Control and Management
  • Major Company and Organization Users: Google, Mozilla, Firefox, Winamp, Adobe Software, Amazon, Lockheed Martin
  • Specializations: Organisation/Application Software, Drivers, Client-Server Applications, Embedded Firmware

What makes learning it important?

The C++ linguistic communication is used to create computer programs and packaged software, such as games, office applications, graphics and video editors and operating systems.

  • The Blackberry Bone is developed using C++.
  • The newest Microsoft Office suite was developed using C++.
  • Features:
    • Often the first programming language taught at college level
    • Quick processing and compilation mechanism
    • Robust standard library (STL)

Where did information technology showtime?

Released in 1983 and frequently considered an object-oriented version of C language, C++ was created to compile lean, efficient lawmaking, while providing high-level abstractions to amend manage large development projects.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • CPlusPlus
  • CodeGuru

C#

Pronounced C-abrupt (not C-hashtag), C# is a multi-paradigm programming language that features strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented and component-oriented disciplines.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • C# developers, automation test engineers, software engineers, senior .net Web developers
    • Used by employers in Information technology, Engineering, Pattern, Professional Services, Management and Quality Command
  • Major Organizations: Microsoft Intel, Hewlett Packard
  • Specializations: Windows-based platforms

What makes learning it of import?

C# helps developers create XML spider web services and Microsoft .NET-connected applications for Windows operating systems and the cyberspace.

  • Used to develop a wide range of software applications that accompany Visual Studio IDE.
  • The simply linguistic communication used past the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).
  • Features:
    • Like to Java in capabilities
    • Ideal for beginners
    • The go-to for working on Microsoft apps

Where did it start?

C# was developed in 2000 equally part of Microsoft's release of .NET framework; in 2003 information technology became an ISO standard. C# was based off of C, C++, and Java languages.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • Code Projection
  • Dream.In.Code

Objective-C

Objective-C is a simple, general-purpose and object-oriented language. It uses a system of bulletin passing borrowed from the linguistic communication Smalltalk; when an object in Objective-C is sent a message, it tin can choose to ignore or frontward to some other object, rather than render a value.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • IT and Web content administrators, iOS and Android mobile developers, software engineers
    • Used past employers in It, Engineering, Management, Healthcare and Design
  • Major Organizations: Apple, CyberCoders
  • Specializations: Software evolution

What makes learning it important?

Objective-C is primarily used by developers to create apps for iOS and Bone X.

  • From everything to Twitter and Facebook to Wells Fargo and Mint, objective-C is the almost commonly used language to write programs for apple tree products.
  • Features
    • Increased flexibility with dynamic typing
    • Often used alongside a framework such every bit Cocoa or Cocoa Touch
    • Great commencement language for beginning programmers

Where did it start?

Objective-C was developed at Apple in 1983 to accost deficiencies (specifically lack of object-orientation) in C linguistic communication. It was licensed past NeXT in 1988.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • ClassroomM
  • CodeProject

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

PHP is an open-source scripting language designed for creating dynamic spider web pages that finer work with databases. It is also used equally a full general-purpose programming linguistic communication.

Who uses information technology?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • PHP developers, PHP software engineers
    • Used beyond industries, to include Information Engineering, Engineering science, Design, Professional Services, Healthcare, Management and Finance
  • Major Organizations: Facebook, Yahoo, CyberCoders, NextGen
  • Specializations Where PHP is Used About: Web Application Development, Server-Side Scripting, Command Line Scripting

What makes learning it important?

PHP is primarily used alongside dynamic data-heavy websites to collect form information. It'southward also used in app development to generate dynamic page content.

  • PHP is part of the LAMP platform used past Facebook and Yahoo.
  • Platforms such as Joomla, WordPress and Drupal utilize the PHP language.
  • Features:
    • Easy to learn (equally simple as embedding code inside HTML)
    • Free and opensource
    • Tin exist used on all major operating systems and web servers

Where did it start?

PHP was released in 1995 as a server-side scripting linguistic communication, which is candy on a server to go a website in plain HTML.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • PHP Freaks
  • PHP Architect

SQL (Structured Query Language)

SQL is a database query linguistic communication (not a evolution language) that allows for adding, accessing and managing content in a database. Information technology is the language that allows programmers to perform the common acronym CRUD (Create; Read; Update; Delete) inside a database.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • SQL server developers, database testers, software developers, database administrators
    • Used beyond industries like Information technology, Engineering, Design, Direction, Professional Servers, Business and Finance
  • Major Organizations: SQL is used by nearly companies and organizations that gather data. Examples include Robert Half Technology, Nigel Frank, CyberCoders and UnitedHealthCare.
  • Specializations Where SQL is Used Most: Data Analysis and Big Data Mining

What makes learning it important?

SQL interacts with the backend database of web application. It is the "de facto standard" database language, always used in conjunction with some other programming language. SQL programs are implemented as a mode for businesses and organizations to access and manipulate data stored in their databases.

  • Relational database direction systems that use SQL include MySQL (by Oracle), Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server and others.
  • Features:
    • Unproblematic syntax
    • Free and easily accessible

Where did information technology start?

SQL was developed at the IBM Inquiry Center in 1974 and originally known as SEQUEL. The first commercial version was introduced in 1979 by ORACLE.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • SQL Team
  • SQL Server Central

Swift

Swift is Apple's newest open up-source, multi-paradigm programming linguistic communication for iOS and Os X apps. Swift integrates Objective-C's named parameters and object-oriented model, while including an advanced compiler, debugger and framework infrastructure.

Who uses it?

  • Professions and Industries:
    • Swift Platform Developers, iOS Mobile Application Developers, Software Developers, Senior Programmers, Information Engineers
    • Information technology, Technology, Design, Management and Professional person Services
  • Major Organizations: Apple, Getty Images, Slack, Dow Jones, Playlist Media
  • Specializations Where Swift is Used Most: Software development

What makes learning information technology of import?

Swift is primarily used by developers to create apps for iOS and OS X.

  • Dow Jones is rewriting sections of its mobile Wall Street Journal app using Swift.
  • Getty Images built its consumer-facing app, Stream, using Swift.
  • Features:
    • Supports 'playgrounds,' a characteristic that lets programmers experiment and see firsthand results
    • Easy to sympathize syntax
    • Ideal for writing production-ready code

Where did information technology start?

Swift, which is based off of the Objective-C programming language, was introduced at Apple's 2014 Worldwide Developers Briefing (WWDC). The newest version, Swift ii, was released equally an open-source language in 2015.

Forums

  • Stack Overflow
  • Swift Language Google Groups

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